Tumor Heterogeneity

Definition: Cancer cells vary in their genetic makeup and behavior.

Example: Some cancer cells resist treatment while others die off.

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Single-Cell Sequencing

Definition: A method for reading the DNA/RNA of individual cells.

Example: Detecting a single cell in a tumor that has resistance to chemotherapy.

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MGMT Methylation

Definition: A genetic change that affects how tumors respond to chemotherapy.

Example: Tumors with low MGMT methylation levels may resist chemotherapy treatment.

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General Diversity Index (GDI)

Definition: A measure of the genetic diversity within a tumor.

Example: Quantifying the variety of different cell types and mutations within a tumor.

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Definition: Drugs that block "off switches" on immune cells, helping them attack cancer cells.

Example: Immunotherapy drugs that enable T-cells to target and destroy cancer cells.

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T-Cell Therapy

Definition: A treatment that boosts or engineers T-cells to fight cancer.

Example: Using a patient’s modified T-cells to attack their cancer cells more effectively.

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Tumor–Immune System Interaction Models

Definition: Mathematical models that simulate how the immune system and tumors interact.

Example: Modeling how radiation therapy can affect immune responses and tumor growth.